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"Chinggis" Camp 10-day of "2008 Naadam" Festival Tour!

Situation Geography Language
Political-Administrative Div Climate Time
Economy Government and Relations Transport
Public Holidays Religious Flag

Situation























Mongolia opened its door to tourism in 1991. Mongolia is situated in the centre of the continent of Asia Central (between Russia and China) and covers an area of 603, 899 sq. miles (1.566.5100km², about three times the size of France), making it the 18th largest country in the World. Mongolia lies between 87°44'E and 119°56'E Longitude and between 41° 35'-44'N and 52°09'N Latitude in the North of Central Asia.
Latitude: 47° 55' North
Longitude: 106° 53' East .
The average altitude is 1580m (5180ft) above sea level. top


Political-Admin.Div
The territory of Mongolia is divided into 21 aimags (or provinces)-with four independent municipalities: Ulan Bator, Darkhan-Uul (included Darkhan city), Orkhon (included Erdenet city), Gov-Sumber (included the free trade zone town of Choir).The aimags are further divided into a total of 310 sums, or districts. The territory of Ulan Bator capital is 1,815 sq. miles (4,700km²) with 9 districts. Ulan Bator was founded in 1639. Population of Ulan Bator: 812, 500. Mongolian Population: 2,675,000 (July 2000 est.). top

Geography
Mongolia's geography is very diverse, including high mountains.The Mongol Altai Nuruu are permanently snowcapped, and their highest peak, Tavanbogd Uul (4370m/14,350ft), has a magnificent glacier that towers over Mongolia, Russia and China. Others peaks are Otgon Tenger: 4021m and Mukh Saridag: 3461m. Mongolia's geography is including boundless steppes, vast valleys, rivers (4000, rich in fish), lakes (16 large lakes) and the Gobi desert. The southern third of Mongolia is dominated by the Gobi Desert. Most of the rest of Mongolia is grassland, home to Mongolia's famed takhi horses, which Genghis Khan used so successfully in his wars of conquest. top


Climate













Temperatures Click for Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Forecastvary from 30°C in summer to -50°C in the winter. The Mongolian Climate is one of extremes - hot summers and freezing cold winters. Known as the 'Land of Blue Skies', it has over 260 sunny days each year. The winter is long and cold with temperatures often well below -30° Centigrade. Despite these temperatures, the blue winter sky makes it often feel warmer. There is very little snowfall but it and ice can remain for several weeks at a time. The rainy season is from July to September, but the showers are often brief. The summer is a very pleasant time because, although temperatures can reach +40° Centigrade, the air is very dry. The Gobi usually has the hottest temperatures. Summer evenings can be cool because of Mongolia's high altitude. The Spring is a time of strong winds, especially difficult in the sandy areas of the Gobi. top

Language







Khalkh Mongol is the official Mongolia language (is a member of the Ural-Altaic family of languages, which includes Finnish, Turkish, Kazak, Uzbek and Korean). Since 1944, the Russian Cyrillic alphabet has been used to write Mongolian. People: Khalkh Mongols (86%), Kazaks (2%), Chinese (2%), Russian (2%), about a dozen other ethnic groups. Kazak is spoken by 5% of the population. There are also many Mongolian dialects. The most spoken foreign languages are English, Russian, Chinese, Japanese and Germany. top

Time




Time Difference: Mongolia is GMT + 8 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time in winter and 9 hours ahead in summer. Mongolia still puts forward its clocks by 1 hour in the summer months. The three western aimags of Mongolia , Uvs, Bayan Ulgii and Khovd are one hour behind Ulaanbaatar and the rest of Mongolia, GMT+7. UTC is Coordinated Universal Time, GMT is Greenwich Mean Time.

The World Clock:
http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=720
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Economy






















Mongolia's economy is centered on agriculture and mining. Mongolia has rich mineral resources, and copper, coal, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial production. There are currently over 30,000 independent businesses in Mongolia, chiefly centered around the capital city [citation needed]. The majority of the population outside urban areas participate in subsistence herding; livestock typically consists of sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and Bactrian camels.

Agricultural crops include wheat, barley, vegetables, and other forage crops. GDP per capita in 2005 was $1,900 . Although GDP has risen steadily since 2002 at the rate of 6.2% in an official 2005 estimate, the state is still working to overcome a sizable trade deficit. A massive ($11 billion) foreign debt to Russia was settled by the Mongolian government in 2004 with a $250 million payment; this reduced value was accepted due to Despite growth, the proportion of the population below the poverty line is estimated to be 36.1% in 2004, and both the unemployment rate and inflation rate are high at 6.7% and 10.9%, respectively.

Traditional based on livestock breeding (camels, bovine, goats, horses and sheep), mining (coal, copper, gold, uranium). Total livestock population: 26.1 million (sheep:11.9 million, goats: 9.6 million, horses: 2.2 million, cattle: 2.1 million, camels: 285.200).  

Major industries: Copper, livestock, cashmere, wool, meat. Major trading partners: Russia (35%), China (21%), South Korea (12%), Japan (7%), Germany(5%), Hong Kong (4%), and others (16%). top



Govern.,
Foreign relations



















Parliamentary with a president elected every 4 years. Mongolia's president has a symbolic role.

Mongolia's Constitution provides three requirements for taking office as President: the individual must be a native-born Mongolian, who is at least 45 years of age, and who has resided in Mongolia for five years prior to taking office. The current President is Mr. Nambaryn Enkhbayar.

The State Great Hural Mongolia uses a unicameral parliamentary system in which the president has a symbolic role and the government chosen by the legislature exercises executive power. The legislative arm, the State Great Hural, has one chamber with 76 seats and is chaired by the speaker of the house.

Declared independence from China: in July 11, 1921

Foreign relations and military:
Mongolia maintains friendly relations with the Russia, China, United States, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, European Union, Cuba, and virtually all countries in the world. It has initiated large foreign investment initiatives and encouraged foreign investment.

Transport



































GETTING TO MONGOLIA:
Transport to or from Mongolia is usually by air or train. MIAT Mongolian Airlines (OM) is Mongolia's national airline, based in the capital, Ulan Bator. It operates a domestic route network and international scheduled services from its main base at "Chinggis" Khaan International Airport. Flights are run by MIAT (Mongolian International Air Transport) to:
Japan: Nagoya (Chubu Central International Airport) [summer only].
Osaka (Kansai International Airport) [summer only].
Tokyo (Narita International Airport).
South Korea: Seoul (Incheon International Airport).
Russia: Moscow (Sheremetyevo International Airport).
Irkutsk: (Irkutsk International Airport).
China: Beijing (Beijing Capital International Airport).
Germany: Berlin (Tegel International Airport).

By 1992, MIAT had acquired a Boeing 727-200 jet from Korean Air with one more following in 1994. The Boeing 727 jets were later discharged. An Airbus A310 and Boeing 737 were later acquired by MIAT. Later on in 2003 through 2005 MIAT's Antonov fleet was discharged because they were over their warranty, which led to the creation of Aero Mongolia.

Aeroflot, Korean Air and Air China are also operating flights.
-Korean Air flies from LAX-Seoul to Ulaanbaatar ($1,740; www.koreanair.com).
-Mongolian Airlines: Purchasing domestic flight tickets through Miat Mongolian Airlines (www.miat.com/) can be tricky; your best bet is to book through an outfitter.
-Air China (China): http://www.airchina.com.cn/-In Chinese language
(http://www.fly-airchina.com)-In English language (Air China flies from LAX to Beijing to Ulaanbaatar).
-Aeroflot (Russian Airlines): (www.aeroflot.com)

The international Mongolian carrier is MIAT, which some wags claim stands for 'Maybe I'll Arrive Today'. Delayed and cancelled flights are common partly due to frequent poor weather conditions and to internal problems. A press conference was held on 17 November, 2004 to announce some changes in the management team. The management team are still awaiting a result from the government regarding to the domestic services and for the new prices , which at the moment MIAT is running at a loss. If MIAT is not allowed to charge more to make a profit, the domestic service is doomed (from Mongol Messenger Newspaper).

International airport: Ulan Bator (ULN) airport is 15km (9 miles) from the city. Taxis are also available (travel time - 35 minutes). Airport facilities include a bank, duty-free shops and a restaurant.

Rail: Ulaanbaatar is linked to the Russian Federation and China by the Trans-Mongolian Railway. An express train runs once a week between Moscow, Ulan Bator and Beijing. Trains on international routes have sleeping and restaurant cars. There are also other weekly trains from Ulan Bator to Beijing and Ulan Bator to Moscow.

Border crossings are at Erlian-Zamyn-Üüd on the Chinese-Mongolian border, and Naushki-Sukhbaatar on the Russian-Mongolian border. Some travellers have reported crossing into Mongolia from Russia and China by jeep or bus, but technically this is still illegal. At present, there are problems reported on buying train tickets in and to Ulan Bator for the Chinese Train. Although, the trains certainly stop in Ulan Bator, tickets are only being sold to Chinese or Russian destinations.

The Mongolian Road Conditions/Maintenance:
Poor top



Public Holidays




New Year's Day - 1st January,
Tsagaan Tsar (Lunar New Year) - 13-14 February,
Mothers' and Children's Day - 1st June,
National Holiday-Naadam - 11th to 13th July: Click here for more details

Independence Day - 26th November. top


Religious



Tibetan Buddhist, Muslim, and Shamanism. Since 1992, Catholic is part of the religious life of the young Mongols . top

Flag








The National Flag of Mongolia is red with a vertical blue stripe down the middle. On the left hand red stripe of the flag is a yellow Soyombo . The colors are symbolic. Red is the color of fire symbolizing progress and prosperity while the blue represents; the color of the sky, meaning peace and eternity.

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